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2.09:_Polypeptides
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<figure><img style="width: 302px; height: 305px;" class="internal" alt="Diagram showing peptide bond formation between glycine, alanine, and cysteine. Water molecules are removed to form bonds, highlighted by red lines between amino acids." loading="lazy" width="302px" height="305px" src="https://bio.libretexts.org/@api/deki/files/5148/tripeptide.png?revision=1&size=bestfit&width=302&height=305" /><figcaption>Figure 2.9.2: A longer peptide.</figcaption></figure> <p class="lt-bio-3787" style="background-color: unset;">The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide is dictated by the codons in the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules from which the polypeptide was translated. The sequence of codons in the mRNA was, in turn, dictated by the sequence of codons in the DNA from which the mRNA was transcribed. Proteins are made up of one or more polypeptide molecules.</p> <footer class="mt-content-footer"> <style>/*<![CDATA[*/#mt-toc-container {display: none !important;}/*]]>*/</style><script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/</script> <script defer="true" src="https://static.cloudflareinsights.com/beacon.min.js" data-cf-beacon="{"token": "483ec2414e274209a7e93c253192df0b"}"></script><script src="https://cdn.libretexts.net/github/LibreTextsMain/Miscellaneous/h5p-resizer.js"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/iframeResizer.contentWindow.min.js" integrity="sha512-FOf4suFgz7OrWmBiyyWW48u/+6GaaAFSDHagh2EBu/GH/1+OQSYc0NFGeGeZK0gZ3vuU1ovmzVzD6bxmT4vayg==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/iframe-resizer/4.2.11/iframeResizer.min.js" integrity="sha512-HY1lApSG7xxx8mYzs/lxRs+c5AaDThRaa3pvQB6puiswvf2lWqMJVf+8qSGiL4ZXfHQoPIqbd1TlpqfycPo3cQ==" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script>/*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('load', function(){$('iframe').iFrameResize({warningTimeout:0, scrolling: 'omit'});})/*]]>*/</script><script>/*<![CDATA[*/ window.PageNum = "auto"; window.InitialOffset = "false"; window.PageName = "2.9: Polypeptides"; /*]]>*/</script> <script type="text/javascript">/*<![CDATA[*/ // var front = window.PageNum.trim(); if(front=="auto"){ front = window.PageName.replace('\"', '\\\"').trim(); //front = "'..string.matchreplace(PageName,'\"','\\\"')..'".trim(); if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0].trim(); if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.trim(); function loadMathJaxScript() { try { const script = document.createElement('script'); script.id = "mathjax-script"; script.src = "https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@4/tex-mml-svg.js"; script.type = "text/javascript"; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild(script); } catch (err) { console.error(err); } } document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', (e) => { loadMathJaxScript(); }); if (window.PageName !== 'Realtime MathJax'){ MathJax = { options: { ignoreHtmlClass: "tex2jax_ignore", processHtmlClass: "tex2jax_process", menuOptions: { settings: { zscale: "150%", zoom: "Double-Click", assistiveMml: true, // true to enable assitive MathML collapsible: false, // true to enable collapsible math }, }, }, output: { scale: 0.85, mtextInheritFont: false, displayOverflow: "linebreak", linebreaks: { width: "100%", }, }, startup: { pageReady: () => { if (window.activateBeeLine) { window.activateBeeLine(); } return MathJax.startup.defaultPageReady(); }, }, chtml: { matchFontHeight: true, }, tex: { tags: "all", tagformat: { number: (n) => { if (window.InitialOffset) { const offset = Number(window.InitialOffset); if(!offset) { return front + n; // If offset is falsy (nan, undefined, etc.) } const added = Number(n) + offset; return front + added; } else { return front + n; } }, }, macros: { eatSpaces: ['#1', 2, ['', ' ', '\\endSpaces']], PageIndex: ['{' + front.replace(/\./g, '{.}') + '\\eatSpaces#1 \\endSpaces}', 1], test: ["{" + front + "#1}", 1], mhchemrightleftharpoons: "{\\unicode{x21CC}\\,}", xrightleftharpoons: ['\\mhchemxrightleftharpoons[#1]{#2}', 2, ''] }, packages: { "[+]": [ "mhchem", "color", "cancel", "ams", "tagformat" ], }, }, loader: { '[tex]/mhchem': { ready() { const {MapHandler} = MathJax._.input.tex.MapHandler; const mhchem = MapHandler.getMap('mhchem-chars'); mhchem.lookup('mhchemrightarrow')._char = '\uE42D'; mhchem.lookup('mhchemleftarrow')._char = '\uE42C'; } }, load: [ "[tex]/mhchem", "[tex]/color", "[tex]/cancel", "[tex]/tagformat", ], }, }; }; ///*]]>*/</script> <hr class="autoattribution-divider" /><div class="autoattribution"><p>This page titled <a target="_blank" class="internal mt-self-link" href="/Sandboxes/johnnyphung/biology/02:_The_Molecules_of_Life/2.09:_Polypeptides">2.9: Polypeptides</a> is shared under a <a rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0" target="_blank">CC BY 3.0</a> license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.biology-pages.info/">John W. 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